The Internet

What is it?

The internet is an interconnected network of computer networks that spans the globe. Today it is a major part of our lives.

History

Birth

• Began network to connect computers at research facilities and universities.
• Messages would travel using Multiple Routes or paths allowing the network to function even if parts were broken.
• Developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
• 4 Computers connected by the end of 1969: UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, University of Utah

History

Why?

ARPA- now known as DARPA created in 1958 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in response to the Soviet Launching of Sputnik 1 in 1957. By collaborating with academic, industry, and government partners, DARPA formulates and executes research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science, often beyond immediate U.S. military requirements

Growth

• More Networks Created and Connected
• NSFNET (1985 -1995)
• CSNET (1981-1991)
• Limited to Gov, research, and edu purposes
• Formed the backbone for today's internet
• Restrictions were lifted in 1991 and the Internet grew.
• 1995: 0.4%, 2000: 5.8%, 2005: 15.7%, 2010: 28.8%, 2017: 48%

World Wide Web

Birth

• Tim Berners-Lee
• CERN Research facility in Switzerland
• Hyperlinks
• Used Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to communicate between client and server.
• Hyper Text Markup Language(HTML) used to format the documents.

First Graphical Browser

Mosaic

Developed by Marc Andreessen and graduate students working at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois

Convergence of Technologies

User Friendly Operating Systems and Online Serice Providers

Internet Authorities

No single person runs the internet

IETF IAB ICANN W3C

• The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the principal body engaged in the development of new Internet protocol standard specifications.
• The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is a committee of the IETF and provides guidance and broad direction to the IETF.
• The Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers and Names (ICANN) was created in 1998and is a nonprofit organization. It's main function is to coordinate the assignment of Internet domains names, IP address numbers, protocol parameters, and protocol port numbers.
• Prior to 1998, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Coordinated these functions. IANA still performs certain functions under the guidance of ICANN

W3C Recommendations